However, the progressive development in computer technology accompanied with the increasing speed of processing complex calculations allowed the use of numerical modeling for easier and faster calibration of models for further use in real and much more complicated geotechnical problems (e.g. This has been a challenge when it comes to irregular loading patterns due to the complex nature of soils’ behavior and its dependence on many factors like the confining stress, void ratio, density and number of cycles, etc. Thus, to be able to study the soil-structure interaction numerically with adequate accuracy, it is important to have a material model that is well representative of the soil in the field conditions. It is agreed that the most important parameters to define this behavior are the dynamic shear modulus and the damping ratio, which contribute to variation in the stiffness and energy dissipation during cyclic loading. ![]() Therefore, many researchers in the past few decades focused on studying the behavior of soils subjected to dynamic loads. The response of structures to dynamic loading is directly dependent on the response of soil beneath or around it.
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